Aperture: The size of the opening in the lens that controls how much light enters the camera.

Shutter Speed: The duration the camera’s shutter remains open to expose light to the sensor.

ISO: The sensor’s sensitivity to light, influencing exposure.

Exposure: The amount of light reaching the sensor, determined by aperture, shutter speed, and ISO.

Depth of Field: The range in an image that appears in focus.

White Balance: Adjusting colors so that white objects appear white under different light sources.

RAW: An unprocessed image file offering maximum flexibility in editing.

JPEG: A compressed image file with a smaller size and some quality loss.

Focal Length: The distance from the lens to the sensor, affecting zoom and perspective.

Bokeh: The aesthetic quality of the out-of-focus areas, often created by the aperture.

Histogram: A chart showing the tonal range of an image from shadows to highlights.

Exposure Triangle: The relationship between aperture, shutter speed, and ISO.

Metering: The process of measuring light to determine exposure settings.

Dynamic Range: The range of light and dark values in an image.

Focus: Adjusting the lens to make the subject sharp.

Composition: The arrangement of elements in the frame for a visually appealing image.

Burst Mode: Taking multiple photos in quick succession.

Post-Processing: Editing images after they are captured, often using software like Lightroom or Photoshop.

Noise: Grain or distortion, usually seen at high ISO levels.

Zoom: The ability to change focal length to magnify or reduce the subject.

Lens Flare: Light artifacts created when direct light hits the lens.

Macro Photography: Close-up photography of small subjects.

Portrait Mode: A setting for capturing portraits, typically blurring the background.

Time-Lapse: A technique where images are taken at intervals and combined into a video that accelerates time.

Long Exposure: A technique using a slow shutter speed to capture movement over time.

Autofocus (AF): The camera’s ability to automatically adjust the lens to focus on a subject.

Manual Mode: A setting where the photographer manually adjusts exposure settings.

HDR (High Dynamic Range): A technique combining multiple exposures to capture a broader tonal range.

Vignetting: A gradual darkening of the image corners, often used creatively.

Pixel: The smallest unit of an image, contributing to its resolution.